dihydrochloride  (Thermo Fisher)

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Hypoxia-specific metal-organic frameworks combined with lactate immunometabolism regulation augment anti-tumor immunity of HIFU

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102695

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of AMCMOFs. (a) Size distribution and (b) TEM image of AMCMOFs. Scale bar: 200 nm. (c) FT-IR spectrum. (d) Corresponding elemental mapping of AMCMOFs. Scale bar: 50 nm. (e) XPS spectrum of AMCMOFs. (f) UV–vis absorption spectra and (g) XRD patterns. (h) Stability of AMCMOFs in H 2 O, RPMI 1640, or PBS containing 10 % FBS (n = 3). (i) TEM and size distribution of AMCMOFs at pH 5.0. Scale bar: 25 nm. (j) AQ4N release from AMCMOFs under different conditions (n = 3).

Article Snippet: Sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ), calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), and manganese chloride (MnCl 2 ) were procured from Aladdin (China), while banoxantrone dihydrochloride (AQ4N) was sourced from MedChemExpress (USA).

Techniques:

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Hypoxia-specific metal-organic frameworks combined with lactate immunometabolism regulation augment anti-tumor immunity of HIFU

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102695

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cellular uptake and cytotoxicity assays of AMCMOFs. (a–d) CLSM images and flow cytometry analysis of cell uptake. Scale bar: 50 μm. (e, g) CLSM images of intracellular Ca 2+ in 4T1 cells. Scale bar: 50 μm. (f) Cell viability of 4T1 cells under different conditions. (h) Live (green)/dead (red) staining images and their mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). Scale bar: 100 μm. (j, k) Flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis. I: PBS under normoxia; II: AQ4N under normoxia; III: AMMOFs under normoxia; IV: AMCMOFs under normoxia; V: PBS under hypoxia; AQ4N under hypoxia; VI: AQ4N under hypoxia; VII: AMMOFs under hypoxia; VIII: AMCMOFs under hypoxia. Data are presented as mean ± SD. For comparisons between two groups, statistical significance was assessed using a two-tailed Student's t-test. For experiments involving multiple groups, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test was applied, with n = 3, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ), calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), and manganese chloride (MnCl 2 ) were procured from Aladdin (China), while banoxantrone dihydrochloride (AQ4N) was sourced from MedChemExpress (USA).

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Staining, Fluorescence, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Hypoxia-specific metal-organic frameworks combined with lactate immunometabolism regulation augment anti-tumor immunity of HIFU

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102695

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro ICD-inducing effects of AMCMOF and HIFU-induced hypoxia. Immunofluorescence images showing (a) CRT and (c) HMGB1 expression in 4T1 cells post-treatment. Scale bar: 50 μm. MFI of (b) CRT expression and (d) HMGB1 release. (e) Quantification of ATP release. (f) Immunofluorescent detection of HIF-1α in tumor tissues at indicated time points post-HIFU irradiation. Scale bar: 100 μm. (g) MFI of HIF-1α immunofluorescence in tumor sites at 0, 4, 12, or 24 h after HIFU irradiation. I: PBS under normoxia; II: AQ4N under normoxia; III: AMMOFs under normoxia; IV: AMCMOFs under normoxia; V: PBS under hypoxia; AQ4N under hypoxia; VI: AQ4N under hypoxia; VII: AMMOFs under hypoxia; VIII: AMCMOFs under hypoxia. Data are presented as mean ± SD. For comparisons between two groups, statistical significance was assessed using a two-tailed Student's t-test. For experiments involving multiple groups, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test was applied, with n = 3, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ), calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), and manganese chloride (MnCl 2 ) were procured from Aladdin (China), while banoxantrone dihydrochloride (AQ4N) was sourced from MedChemExpress (USA).

Techniques: In Vitro, Immunofluorescence, Expressing, Irradiation, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Hypoxia-specific metal-organic frameworks combined with lactate immunometabolism regulation augment anti-tumor immunity of HIFU

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102695

Figure Lengend Snippet: Drug distribution and antitumor effects of AMCMOFs in vivo. (a) Pharmacokinetics of Sprague-Dawley rats following intravenous injection of AMCMOFs and free AQ4N (n = 3). (b) AQ4N content in major organs and tumors at different time points after drug injection (n = 3). (c, d) Intratumoral release of CLSM and analysis following different treatments. Scale bar: 100 μm. (e) Primary and (f) distant tumor inhibition curves (n = 5). Weight of primary tumors (g) and distant tumors (h) excised on day 15 (n = 5). (i) PCNA, TUNEL, and H&E staining of tumor sections from each group. Scale bar: 100 μm. (j, k) MFI of PCNA and TUNEL in the tumor sections. I: PBS; II: AQ4N; III: AMMOFs; IV: AMCMOFs; V: HIFU; VI: AMCMOFs + HIFU (with an AQ4N concentration of 10 mg/kg). Data are presented as mean ± SD. For comparisons between two groups, statistical significance was assessed using a two-tailed Student's t-test. For experiments involving multiple groups, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test was applied, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001 and ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ), calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), and manganese chloride (MnCl 2 ) were procured from Aladdin (China), while banoxantrone dihydrochloride (AQ4N) was sourced from MedChemExpress (USA).

Techniques: In Vivo, Drug discovery, Injection, Inhibition, TUNEL Assay, Staining, Concentration Assay, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Hypoxia-specific metal-organic frameworks combined with lactate immunometabolism regulation augment anti-tumor immunity of HIFU

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102695

Figure Lengend Snippet: Induction of ICD and Tumor Microenvironment Modulation. (a–d) CLSM and analysis of CRT and HMGB1 staining in tumor sections. Scale bar: 100 μm. (e) Lactate content in each group following co-incubation with 3 mM lactate. (f) Lactate content within tumor tissues. (g, h) Levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α in primary tumors. (i, j) Western blotting analysis in the tumor tissue. I: PBS; II: AQ4N; III: AMMOFs; IV: AMCMOFs; V: HIFU; VI: AMCMOFs + HIFU at an AQ4N concentration of 10 mg/kg). Data are presented as mean ± SD. For comparisons between two groups, statistical significance was assessed using a two-tailed Student's t-test. For experiments involving multiple groups, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test was applied, with n = 3, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001 and ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ), calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), and manganese chloride (MnCl 2 ) were procured from Aladdin (China), while banoxantrone dihydrochloride (AQ4N) was sourced from MedChemExpress (USA).

Techniques: Staining, Incubation, Western Blot, Concentration Assay, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Hypoxia-specific metal-organic frameworks combined with lactate immunometabolism regulation augment anti-tumor immunity of HIFU

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102695

Figure Lengend Snippet: Enhancement of systemic anti-tumor immunity and suppression of tumor metastasis. (a–d) M1 and M2 macrophages in the primary tumors of each group. (e–h) DCs and CD8 + T cell populations in primary tumors in each group. (i) Representative flow cytometry plots of memory T cell subsets in spleens from different treatment groups. (j) Quantification of CD8 + central memory T cells (CD44 + CD62L + ). (k) Quantification of CD8 + effector memory T cells (CD44 + CD62L − ). (l) Lung metastasis in different groups. Scale bar: 3000 μm or 500 μm. I: PBS; II: AQ4N; III: AMMOFs; IV: AMCMOFs; V: HIFU; VI: AMCMOFs + HIFU at an AQ4N concentration of 10 mg/kg. Data are presented as mean ± SD. For comparisons between two groups, statistical significance was assessed using a two-tailed Student's t-test. For experiments involving multiple groups, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test was applied, with n = 3, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001 and ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ), calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), and manganese chloride (MnCl 2 ) were procured from Aladdin (China), while banoxantrone dihydrochloride (AQ4N) was sourced from MedChemExpress (USA).

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Concentration Assay, Two Tailed Test

Journal: The American Journal of Pathology

Article Title: Hepatocyte-Specific MET Deletion Exacerbates Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice

doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2025.09.010

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/MET signaling activation in human acute liver failure (ALF). A: Predicted alterations in canonical signaling pathways in human hepatocytes from acetaminophen (APAP)-induced ALF versus healthy livers identified by Ingenuity Pathways Analysis of publicly available single-nuclei RNA-sequencing data set (positive z score indicates predicted activation of a pathway). B: The dot plot illustrates average expression along with percentage of cells showing significant expression of cell proliferation genes in APAP-induced ALF livers versus healthy controls, based on analysis of publicly available spatial transcriptomics data set. C: Downstream gene network of HGF predicted to be activated in hepatocytes of APAP-induced ALF livers based on single-nuclei RNA-sequencing data analysis. D: Pie-chart illustrating that a large proportion (approximately 35%) of genes altered in human ALF were regulated by MET in the mouse APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) model [ie, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MET knockout (KO) vs wild-type (WT) mice]. E: Enrichment analysis using DAVID analysis software showing altered biological processes (Gene Ontology terms) in the MET-regulated genes from the mouse AILI model linked to human ALF (ie, 781 genes shown in orange color in D ). The number of genes associated with each pathway is indicated on the right side of the corresponding bar. F: Heat map depicting comparison analysis of altered canonical pathway in human ALF (vs HEA) and MET KO (vs WT) mice. G: Effect of MET inhibition on APAP-treated primary human hepatocytes. Representative images of propidium iodide (PI)-stained primary human hepatocytes, illustrating the percentage of cell death after 24 hours of treatment with 10 mM APAP alone or in combination with capmatinib (CAP) (MET inhibitor: 0.1 and 1 μM). ∗∗ P < 0.01 and ∗∗∗ P < 0.001 versus APAP 10 mM. Scale bar: 300 μm ( G ). ERAD, endoplasmic reticulum–associated protein degradation; HEA, healthy human liver tissue; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β.

Article Snippet: Next day, the hepatocytes were washed with sterile phosphate-buffered saline and treated for 24 hours with 10 mM APAP alone or in combination with 0.1 or 1 μM capmatinib dihydrochloride hydrate (a MET inhibitor) (#HY-13404C; MedChemExpress) in fetal bovine serum–free media in the presence of HGF (50 ng/mL).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Protein-Protein interactions, RNA Sequencing, Expressing, Spatial Transcriptomics, Knock-Out, Software, Comparison, Inhibition, Staining